The sun's height determines the UVR pathlength through the ozone layer. Stratospheric ozone absorbs all solar UVC (100–280 nm), attenuates UVB (280–315 nm) but not UVA (315–400 nm). Terrestrial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main determinant of vitamin D status. However, the role of vitamin D in the prevention of nonskeletal diseases remains highly controversial. 3 The VDR controls many cellular functions including growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Its pleiotropic activity may be mediated by modulation of ~1000 genes via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1, 2 which is expressed by at least 60 human cell types. More recently, vitamin D has been implicated in many metabolic and immunological disorders as well as many cancers. The amount of vitamin D a person’s skin makes when they are in the sun depends on many factors, including skin tone, geographic location, weather conditions, time of year, and time of day.The prevention of rickets and osteoporosis by vitamin D has long been established. Having little or no sun exposure may put a person at risk for low levels of vitamin D, but too much UV exposure from the sun or artificial sources can increase risk of skin cancers and eye disease. Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can stimulate production of vitamin D in the skin. Schools and businesses may consider adding shade to school grounds and places were people gather outside. Communities can help by ensuring shade is available in public parks. Protect yourself by staying in the shade, wearing protective clothing, and applying and re-applying a broad spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher.
While enjoying the benefits of being outdoors, people can decrease skin cancer risk from too much UV exposure by using sun protection. Time outdoors may also promote mental health and stress reduction. The outdoors offers many opportunities to be physically active.
Spending time outdoors can improve overall health and wellness.
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